The Court of Justice of European Communities in its judgment in case C‑227/07, Commission of the European Communities v. Republic of Poland, held that, by failing to transpose correctly Article 4(1) of Directive 2002/19/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on access to, and interconnection of, electronic communications networks and associated facilities (Access Directive), the Republic of Poland has failed to fulfil its obligations under that Directive.